Phrenology is the fifth studio album by American hip-hop band The Roots, released November 26, 2002, on Geffen Records and MCA Records. Recording sessions for the album took place at Electric Lady Studios from June 2000 to September 2002 — primarily produced by members of the band and features contributions by artists Cody ChesnuTT, Musiq Soulchild, Talib Kweli, and Jill Scott. On June 3, 2003, it was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of 500,000 copies in the United States.